A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION BY MARINE ALGAE     

潘进芬  林荣根  马丽 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(3):260-264

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｒｉｇｇｅｒｅｄａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓａｉｍｉｎｇａｔｔｈｅｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｍｅｔａｌｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ (ＦｏｕｒｅｓｔａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ ,1 997;ＦｅｈｒｍａｎｎａｎｄＰｏｈｌ,1 993 ;ＫｕｙｕｃａｋａｎｄＶｏｌｅｓｋｙ,1 989) .Ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａ…  相似文献   

Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements     

B.M. Mwashote  W.C. Burnett  J. Chanton  I.R. Santos  N. Dimova  P.W. Swarzenski 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) assessments were conducted both in the laboratory and at a field site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, using a continuous heat-type automated seepage meter (seepmeter). The functioning of the seepmeter is based on measurements of a temperature gradient in the water between downstream and upstream positions in its flow pipe. The device has the potential of providing long-term, high-resolution measurements of SGD. Using a simple inexpensive laboratory set-up, we have shown that connecting an extension cable to the seepmeter has a negligible effect on its measuring capability. Similarly, the observed influence of very low temperature (≤3 °C) on seepmeter measurements can be accounted for by conducting calibrations at such temperatures prior to field deployments. Compared to manual volumetric measurements, calibration experiments showed that at higher water flow rates (>28 cm day⁻¹ or cm³ cm⁻² day⁻¹) an analog flowmeter overestimated flow rates by ≥7%. This was apparently due to flow resistance, turbulence and formation of air bubbles in the seepmeter water flow tubes. Salinity had no significant effect on the performance of the seepmeter. Calibration results from fresh water and sea water showed close agreement at a 95% confidence level significance between the data sets from the two media (R² = 0.98). Comparatively, the seepmeter SGD measurements provided data that are comparable to manually-operated seepage meters, the radon geochemical tracer approach, and an electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter.  相似文献   

Long-term effects of a toxic algal bloom on subtidal soft-sediment macroinvertebrate communities in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Kerstin Krger  Jonathan P.A. Gardner  Ashley A. Rowden  Robert G. Wear 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,67(4):589-604

The long-term effects (>1 year) of a naturally occurring toxic plankton bloom (Karenia brevisulcata) on subtidal benthic macroinvertebrate communities were investigated in Wellington Harbour, a semi-enclosed temperate embayment in New Zealand. For 3 years communities were sampled at three different sites in the harbour. Analyses revealed that community recovery following the bloom was site-specific. Multivariate analyses indicated that at one site community composition was approaching recovery 3 years post-bloom. At the second site, a sequential recovery process was indicated, whereas at the third site the community composition oscillated from year to year, but did not show any signs of a sequential recovery process. The nature of the hydrodynamic regime was identified as a major factor influencing the observed recovery processes. Communities exposed to an active hydrodynamic regime were less affected by the bloom and differed little in their composition pre- and post-bloom, as they were naturally in a perpetual state of recovery as indicated by a dominance of r-selected species. The community at the hydrodynamically less active site was more affected by the bloom and exhibited temporal differences in composition consistent with successional models. Complete recovery to a pre-disturbance climax community dominated by K-selected species is likely to take 4–5 years, if not interrupted by other disturbances. Given the increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms worldwide, more monitoring and manipulative studies are needed to further evaluate the effects of such disturbances on macrobenthic communities.  相似文献   

Carbon cycling in a high-arctic marine ecosystem – Young Sound, NE Greenland     

Sren Rysgaard  Torkel Gissel Nielsen 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,71(2-4):426

Young Sound is a deep-sill fjord in NE Greenland (74°N). Sea ice usually begins to form in late September and gains a thickness of 1.5 m topped with 0–40 cm of snow before breaking up in mid-July the following year. Primary production starts in spring when sea ice algae begin to flourish at the ice–water interface. Most biomass accumulation occurs in the lower parts of the sea ice, but sea ice algae are observed throughout the sea ice matrix. However, sea ice algal primary production in the fjord is low and often contributes only a few percent of the annual phytoplankton production. Following the break-up of ice, the immediate increase in light penetration to the water column causes a steep increase in pelagic primary production. Usually, the bloom lasts until August–September when nutrients begin to limit production in surface waters and sea ice starts to form. The grazer community, dominated by copepods, soon takes advantage of the increased phytoplankton production, and on an annual basis their carbon demand (7–11 g C m⁻²) is similar to phytoplankton production (6–10 g C m⁻²). Furthermore, the carbon demand of pelagic bacteria amounts to 7–12 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Thus, the carbon demand of the heterotrophic plankton is approximately twice the estimated pelagic primary production, illustrating the importance of advected carbon from the Greenland Sea and from land in fuelling the ecosystem.In the shallow parts of the fjord (<40 m) benthic primary producers dominate primary production. As a minimum estimate, a total of 41 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ is fixed by primary production, of which phytoplankton contributes 15%, sea ice algae <1%, benthic macrophytes 62% and benthic microphytes 22%. A high and diverse benthic infauna dominated by polychaetes and bivalves exists in these shallow-water sediments (<40 m), which are colonized by benthic primary producers and in direct contact with the pelagic phytoplankton bloom. The annual benthic mineralization is 32 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ of which megafauna accounts for 17%. In deeper waters benthic mineralization is 40% lower than in shallow waters and megafauna, primarily brittle stars, accounts for 27% of the benthic mineralization. The carbon that escapes degradation is permanently accumulated in the sediment, and for the locality investigated a rate of 7 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ was determined.A group of walruses (up to 50 adult males) feed in the area in shallow waters (<40 m) during the short, productive, ice-free period, and they have been shown to be able to consume <3% of the standing stock of bivalves (Hiatella arctica, Mya truncata and Serripes Groenlandicus), or half of the annual bivalve somatic production. Feeding at greater depths is negligible in comparison with their feeding in the bivalve-rich shallow waters.  相似文献   

波吉卵囊藻的固定化培养及利用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑莲  黄翔鹄  刘楚吾 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(1):17-20

以褐藻酸钙为固定化载体,探讨了胶球直径、不同接种量、CaCl2溶液浓度、褐藻酸钠浓度等条件对波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)固定化培养及对养殖水体水质的影响。结果表明:波吉卵囊藻固定化培养的最好条件是微藻接种量为1×106 mL-1,CaCl2溶液的质量浓度为30g/L,褐藻酸钠溶液的质量浓度为20g/L。在此条件下制备的固定化藻珠,波吉卵囊藻的生物量从1 83×10-2 mg/粒增加到17. 46×10-2 mg/粒,增加了近10倍,生长率相对较高,证明了它的生理活性不会因固定化而受干扰。引入固定化的波吉卵囊藻不但可以降低养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸氮等有害因子的浓度,还能提高水中溶解氧含量,使水体环境长时间处于良好的动态平衡状态。  相似文献   

Estimation of net accumulation rate at a Patagonian glacier by ice core analyses using snow algae     

Shiro Kohshima  Nozomu Takeuchi  Jun Uetake  Takayuki Shiraiwa  Ryu Uemura  Naohiro Yoshida  Sumito Matoba  Maria Angelica Godoi 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,59(1-4):236

Snow algae in a 45.97-m-long ice core from the Tyndall Glacier (50°59′05″S, 73°31′12″W, 1756 m a.s.l.) in the Southern Patagonian Icefield were examined for potential use in ice core dating and estimation of the net accumulation rate. The core was subjected to visual stratigraphic observation and bulk density measurements in the field, and later to analyses of snow algal biomass, water isotopes (¹⁸O, D), and major dissolved ions. The ice core contained many algal cells that belonged to two species of snow algae growing in the snow near the surface: Chloromonas sp. and an unknown green algal species. Algal biomass and major dissolved ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) exhibited rapid decreases in the upper 3 m, probably owing to melt water elution and/or decomposition of algal cells. However, seasonal cycles were still found for the snow algal biomass, ¹⁸O, D-excess, and major ions, although the amplitudes of the cycles decreased with depth. Supposing that the layers with almost no snow algae were the winter layers without the melt water essential to algal growth, we estimated that the net accumulation rate at this location was 12.9 m a^− 1 from winter 1998 to winter 1999, and 5.1 m from the beginning of winter to December 1999. These estimates are similar to the values estimated from the peaks of ¹⁸O (17.8 m a^− 1 from summer 1998 to summer 1999 and 11.0 m from summer to December 1999) and those of D-excess (14.7 m a^− 1 from fall 1998 to fall 1999 and 8.6 m a^− 1 from fall to December 1999). These values are much higher than those obtained by past ice core studies in Patagonia, but are of the same order of magnitude as those predicted from various observations at ablation areas of Patagonian glaciers.  相似文献   

Historical changes in the structure and functioning of the benthic community in the lagoon of Venice     

Fabio Pranovi  Filippo Da Ponte  Patrizia Torricelli 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):1607

  相似文献   

Using acoustic backscatter from a sidescan sonar to explain fish and invertebrate distributions: a case study in Bristol Bay, Alaska     

Yeung  Cynthia; McConnaughey  Robert A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2008,65(2):242-254

  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段富有机质页岩中藻类化石的发现及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

袁伟  柳广弟  袁红旗 《地质论评》2023,69(1):365-374

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段富有机质页岩是该盆地中生界含油系统的主力烃源岩,其有机质丰度高,类型好,具有巨大的生烃潜力。该套烃源岩中有机质的富集很大程度上取决于长7期的高古生产力及其提供的充足的有机质。长7期藻类勃发的存在已被多数学者所接受,但是目前还缺乏直观、有力的证据。笔者等通过薄片和扫描电镜观察、能谱分析,在长7段的脉状黄铁矿附近和碳酸盐结核中发现了属种单一、分布丰度高的藻类化石,它们呈现出近似球状的轮廓,在中部分布着一条裂缝。这些藻类化石的发现具有重要的地质意义,它为长7期的藻类勃发提供了很好的证据,也为该时期热液活动的重要作用提供了有力的支撑。  相似文献   

南海北部天然气水合物远景区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫稳定同位素特征及其影响因素     

庄畅  陈芳  程思海  陆红锋  周洋  刘广虎 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏移是地质记录中天然气水合物释放的重要证据之一.对南海北部西沙海槽和东沙陆坡等天然气水合物远景区XH-27PC和DS-4PC柱状样分别进行顶空气甲烷含量分析、有机碳含量分析、粒度分析和有孔虫氧碳同位素分析.结合碳酸盐含量及AMS 14C测年,揭示研究区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫的稳定同位素特征.结果显示:西沙海槽BSR区沉积物中甲烷含量较低;底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏不明显,与顶空气甲烷含量呈弱正相关(R=0.32),与有机碳含量有强负相关(R=-0.82),说明低通量甲烷不足以引起底栖有孔虫碳同位素显著偏移,在无甲烷或甲烷轻微渗漏的环境中有机碳的厌氧氧化是影响底栖有孔虫碳同位素组成的主要因素.东沙陆坡BSR区沉积物中含有大量的甲烷气体;底栖有孔虫氧同位素记录在末次冰期异常偏重,可能与天然气水合物的分解释放有关;同时可识别出多期碳同位素快速负偏事件,其成因很可能是末次冰期海平面下降导致海底沉积物的温度、压力条件发生变化,从而引发水合物甲烷失稳分解,底栖有孔虫吸收富12C的甲烷源碳致使壳体碳同位素负偏移.  相似文献